Search results for "Male circumcision"
showing 10 items of 16 documents
Evolution of external female genital mutilation : why do males harm their mates?
2017
Sperm competition may select for male reproductive traits that influence female mating or oviposition rate. These traits may induce fitness costs to the female; however, they may be costly for the males as well as any decrease in female fitness also affects male fitness. Male adaptations to sperm competition manipulate females by altering not only female behaviour or physiology, but also female morphology. In orb-weaving spiders, mating may entail mutilation of external structures of the female genitalia, which prevents genital coupling with subsequent males. Here, we present a game theoretical model showing that external female genital mutilation is favoured even under relatively high cost…
Obtaining a male circumcision prevalence rate of 80% among adults in a short time
2017
Abstract World Health Organization recommends a target for the male circumcision prevalence rate of 80%. This rate will have a substantial impact on the human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic in Eastern and Southern Africa. The objective of the study was to assess whether an innovative intervention can lead to an increased voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC) uptake among adults in a short time. This prospective observational study of a demand generation intervention was conducted in the township of Orange Farm (South Africa) in August to November 2015. In this community male circumcision prevalence rate among adults was stable between 2010 and 2015 a…
‘Female genital mutilation’ in Europe: Public discourse versus empirical evidence
2017
Media often report about circumcision of girls, or ‘female genital mutilation’ (FGM), in ways that present this practice as a burning social problem, albeit secretively performed among African immi ...
Schistosomiasis and water-related practices in school girls in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
2010
There is increasing evidence of an association between female genital Schistosoma haematobium infection and HIV. In KwaZulu-Natal, we aimed to explore girls' water contact practice and to determine...
Cultural Beliefs, Perceptions, and Experiences on Female Genital Mutilation Among Women and Men: A Qualitative Analysis.
2021
The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply-rooted tradition that affects predominantly regions of Africa and Asia. Because of migration flows, FGM is an issue of increasing concern worldwide. FGM is now carried out in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, and more specifically among immigrant communities from countries where it is common. This study aims to assess the experience, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to FGM of migrant women and men from FGM-affected countries residing in Spain and the United Kingdom. A phenomenological qualitative approach was used. Participants (n=23) were recruited by using the snowball sampling technique until data satur…
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATIONS: GENITO-URINARY COMPLICATIONS AND ETHICAL-LEGAL ASPECTS
2015
Many women in the world are still undergoing female genital mutilations (FGMs) even if in almost all the countries, the practice of FGM is illegal. The increase of immigration, particularly from African Countries, to Europe, and Italy too, led to consider this phenomenon with particular attention and skill. All the operators in health services need to know the different types of FGMs and the related complications and the psychological and sexual sequels. Urological complications, in particular, are not rare and the changing anatomy of the external genital apparatus can also make the catheter insertion sometimes difficult. This review analyzes the epidemiology of FGMs, the reasons why the p…
Colourimetric image analysis as a diagnostic tool in female genital schistosomiasis
2015
Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a highly prevalent waterborne disease in some of the poorest areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Reliable and affordable diagnostics are unavailable. We explored colourimetric image analysis to identify the characteristic, yellow lesions caused by FGS. We found that the method may yield a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 73% in colposcopic images. The accuracy was also explored in images of simulated inferior quality, to assess the possibility of implementing such a method in simple, electronic devices. This represents the first step towards developing a safe and affordable aid in clinical diagnosis, allowing for a point-of-care approach.
Female genital schistosomiasis and reproductive tract infections. A cross-sectional study in rural adolescents in South Africa
2019
ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesThe aim of the current study was to establish the relative prevalences of Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We hypothesised that due to the use of syndromic management for STIs it is possible that FGS is being misdiagnosed and mismanaged as an STI. We therefore wanted to examine the relationship between FGS and the individual STIs in schistosomiasis endemic areas.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2013, a cross-sectional study was performed in 32 randomly selected secondary schools in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where each school had at least 300 pupils. In a research clinic, FGS diagnosis, STI testing, and face-to-…
Vulvar Epidermal Inclusion Cyst as a Long-term Complication of Female Genital Mutilation
2016
We present a case report of a patient with epidermal inclusion cyst as a late complication of female genital mutilation (FGM). We describe the management of the patient, and a review of the literature. We report the clinical and pathological findings in a 37-year-old female patient from Nigeria, with a clitoral mass of 1 year duration. She declared to have an FGM since she was 5 years. The lesion was excised successfully with good cosmetic results. Histological examination revealed epidermal cyst with the presence of granular layer. An epidermal inclusion cyst can develop as a long-term consequence of FGM.
A systematic review of handheld tools in lieu of colposcopy for cervical neoplasia and female genital schistosomiasis
2020
Abstract Background Visualization of the lesions in the lower genital tract is the mainstay for diagnosis of the four lesions found in female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), but colposcopes are generally not available in low‐resource settings. Objective We sought to review handheld devices that could potentially be used for FGS diagnosis. Search strategy We searched Medline and Embase 2015–2019 for handheld devices used in cervical cancer screening and FGS diagnosis. Selection criteria We excluded studies that did not compare the device to standard‐of‐care colposcopes or histopathology. Main results and conclusion In 11 studies, four handheld colposcopes, two smartphones, and one compact dig…